Julia Pyper: In the land of milk and honey, water has always been in short supply. Researchers here have linked temperature rise and drought to migration patterns across this arid region dating back to biblical times. Now, for the first time in its history, Israel is on track to experience a water surplus. The tricky part is scaling up the chemistry and reducing the cost of separating salt from seawater. The first major desalination plant in Israel opened in the southern city of Ashkelon in 2005. Since then,...