Commissioned by BIO, independent study documents significant impact academia-industry technology transfer makes to U.S. economy. Entitled, "The Economic Contribution of University/Nonprofit Inventions in the United States: 1996-2013," report estimates that, during this 18-year time period, academia-industry patent licensing bolstered U.S. gross industry output by up to $1.18 trillion, U.S. gross domestic product by up to $518 billion, and supported up to 3,824,000 U.S. jobs.