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Hurricane Sam Public Advisory Number 31
2021-09-30 10:53:56| National Hurricane Center (Atlantic)
Issued at 500 AM AST Thu Sep 30 2021 000 WTNT33 KNHC 300853 TCPAT3 BULLETIN Hurricane Sam Advisory Number 31 NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL AL182021 500 AM AST Thu Sep 30 2021 ...POWERFUL HURRICANE SAM CONTINUES NORTHWESTWARD... ...TROPICAL STORM WATCH ISSUED FOR BERMUDA... SUMMARY OF 500 AM AST...0900 UTC...INFORMATION ---------------------------------------------- LOCATION...21.5N 59.1W ABOUT 345 MI...555 KM NE OF THE NORTHERN LEEWARD ISLANDS ABOUT 825 MI...1325 KM SSE OF BERMUDA MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS...145 MPH...230 KM/H PRESENT MOVEMENT...NW OR 320 DEGREES AT 12 MPH...19 KM/H MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE...937 MB...27.67 INCHES WATCHES AND WARNINGS -------------------- CHANGES WITH THIS ADVISORY: The Bermuda Weather Service has issued a Tropical Storm Watch for Bermuda. SUMMARY OF WATCHES AND WARNINGS IN EFFECT: A Tropical Storm Watch is in effect for... * Bermuda A Tropical Storm Watch means that tropical storm conditions are possible within the watch area, generally within 48 hours. For storm information specific to your area, please monitor products issued by your national meteorological service. DISCUSSION AND OUTLOOK ---------------------- At 500 AM AST (0900 UTC), the eye of Hurricane Sam was located near latitude 21.5 North, longitude 59.1 West. Sam is moving toward the northwest near 12 mph (19 km/h), and this general motion with an increase in forward speed is expected through tonight. A turn toward the north is anticipated by late Friday, and a northeastward motion is forecast to begin on Saturday. On the forecast track, the core of Sam will continue to pass well to the northeast of the northern Leeward Islands this morning, and pass to the east of Bermuda early Saturday. Data from an Air Force Reserve Hurricane Hunter aircraft indicate that the maximum sustained winds are near 145 mph (230 km/h) with higher gusts. Sam is a category 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale. Some fluctuations in intensity are expected during the next couple of days, but Sam is forecast to remain a major hurricane through Saturday, with more significant weakening anticipated later in the weekend. Hurricane-force winds extend outward up to 60 miles (95 km) from the center and tropical-storm-force winds extend outward up to 150 miles (240 km). NOAA buoy 41044 has recently measured a peak one-minute sustained wind of 78 mph (126 km/h) and a gust to 98 mph (158 km/h). The latest minimum central pressure estimated from Air Force Reserve reconnaissance data is 937 mb (27.67 inches). HAZARDS AFFECTING LAND ---------------------- Key messages for Sam can be found in the Tropical Cyclone Discussion under AWIPS header MIATCDAT3 and WMO header WTNT43 KNHC, and on the web at hurricanes.gov/graphics_at3.shtml?key_messages. WIND: Tropical storm conditions are possible on Bermuda beginning Friday night or early Saturday. SURF: Swells generated by Sam will impact the Northern Leeward Islands and the Greater Antilles, including Puerto Rico, during the next few days. Swells are expected to reach Bermuda and the Bahamas by Friday, and then spread to the United States east coast by this weekend. These swells could cause life-threatening surf and rip current conditions. Please consult products from your local weather office. NEXT ADVISORY ------------- Next intermediate advisory at 800 AM AST. Next complete advisory at 1100 AM AST. $$ Forecaster Brown
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Hurricane Sam Forecast Discussion Number 30
2021-09-30 04:56:52| National Hurricane Center (Atlantic)
Issued at 1100 PM AST Wed Sep 29 2021 000 WTNT43 KNHC 300256 TCDAT3 Hurricane Sam Discussion Number 30 NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL AL182021 1100 PM AST Wed Sep 29 2021 Sam is intensifying tonight after completing an eyewall replacement cycle. A recent NOAA Hurricane Hunter aircraft showed peak 700 mb flight-level winds of 138 kt, multiple SFMR surface winds of 120 kt or greater, plus falling central pressure to about 940 mb. This deepening trend is also seen on recent satellite imagery, with significant warming within the eye noted. These data support raising the initial intensity to 125 kt for this advisory. It is of note that the NOAA mission has been quite helpful for both the size and intensity analysis, with dropsondes and SFMR data showing that the hurricane has grown quite a bit since earlier today, mostly on the eastern side. Additionally, reflectivity data from the core confirmed the end of the eyewall replacement cycle. The hurricane could strengthen a little more overnight while it moves over a warm ocean eddy in fairly light shear. Afterward, gradually cooling SSTs, falling ocean heat content, and the inevitable future eyewall replacement cycles should cause a weakening trend. However, this will likely not be as steady as shown below, and significant deviations (upward or downward) from the forecast can be expected. Faster weakening is expected by the weekend due to cool SSTs and increasing shear. The new forecast is close to the intensity consensus, and is a little higher than the previous NHC prediction early on, primarily due to the initial wind speed. Sam has sped up tonight, now estimated at 315/10 kt. It sounds like a broken record, but there are no changes to the forecast during the first few days as model guidance is in excellent agreement on a gradually rightward-curving track, passing a couple of hundred n mi or more east of Bermuda. Afterward, guidance is actually in worse agreement over the weekend, with widely divergent solutions from an upper-level trough picking up Sam and turning it north toward Newfoundland or the trough leaving Sam behind, causing a slow eastward motion. The trend in the guidance is for a slower motion at long range, so I've elected to keep the day 4 and 5 points almost the same as the previous advisory, just a hair faster than the latest consensus aids. Key Messages: 1. Swells generated by Sam will impact the Lesser Antilles during the next several days. Swells are expected to reach Bermuda and the Bahamas in a day or so, and then spread to the United States east coast by this weekend. These swells could cause life-threatening surf and rip current conditions. Please consult products from your local weather office. 2. A Tropical Storm Watch could be required for Bermuda on Thursday, and interests there should monitor the progress of Sam. FORECAST POSITIONS AND MAX WINDS INIT 30/0300Z 20.6N 58.4W 125 KT 145 MPH 12H 30/1200Z 21.9N 59.6W 130 KT 150 MPH 24H 01/0000Z 24.1N 60.9W 125 KT 145 MPH 36H 01/1200Z 26.8N 61.8W 120 KT 140 MPH 48H 02/0000Z 29.6N 61.8W 115 KT 130 MPH 60H 02/1200Z 32.2N 60.7W 110 KT 125 MPH 72H 03/0000Z 34.3N 59.2W 100 KT 115 MPH 96H 04/0000Z 37.5N 54.5W 85 KT 100 MPH 120H 05/0000Z 42.0N 48.5W 70 KT 80 MPH $$ Forecaster Blake
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Hurricane Sam Graphics
2021-09-30 04:54:21| National Hurricane Center (Atlantic)
5-Day Uncertainty Track last updated Thu, 30 Sep 2021 02:54:21 GMT Wind Speed Probabilities last updated Thu, 30 Sep 2021 03:22:53 GMT
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Hurricane Sam Wind Speed Probabilities Number 30
2021-09-30 04:53:26| National Hurricane Center (Atlantic)
Issued at 0300 UTC THU SEP 30 2021 000 FONT13 KNHC 300253 PWSAT3 HURRICANE SAM WIND SPEED PROBABILITIES NUMBER 30 NWS NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER MIAMI FL AL182021 0300 UTC THU SEP 30 2021 AT 0300Z THE CENTER OF HURRICANE SAM WAS LOCATED NEAR LATITUDE 20.6 NORTH...LONGITUDE 58.4 WEST WITH MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS NEAR 125 KTS...145 MPH...230 KM/H. Z INDICATES COORDINATED UNIVERSAL TIME (GREENWICH) ATLANTIC STANDARD TIME (AST)...SUBTRACT 4 HOURS FROM Z TIME EASTERN DAYLIGHT TIME (EDT)...SUBTRACT 4 HOURS FROM Z TIME CENTRAL DAYLIGHT TIME (CDT)...SUBTRACT 5 HOURS FROM Z TIME WIND SPEED PROBABILITY TABLE FOR SPECIFIC LOCATIONS CHANCES OF SUSTAINED (1-MINUTE AVERAGE) WIND SPEEDS OF AT LEAST ...34 KT (39 MPH... 63 KM/H)... ...50 KT (58 MPH... 93 KM/H)... ...64 KT (74 MPH...119 KM/H)... FOR LOCATIONS AND TIME PERIODS DURING THE NEXT 5 DAYS PROBABILITIES FOR LOCATIONS ARE GIVEN AS OP(CP) WHERE OP IS THE PROBABILITY OF THE EVENT BEGINNING DURING AN INDIVIDUAL TIME PERIOD (ONSET PROBABILITY) (CP) IS THE PROBABILITY OF THE EVENT OCCURRING BETWEEN 00Z THU AND THE FORECAST HOUR (CUMULATIVE PROBABILITY) PROBABILITIES ARE GIVEN IN PERCENT X INDICATES PROBABILITIES LESS THAN 1 PERCENT PROBABILITIES FOR 34 KT AND 50 KT ARE SHOWN AT A GIVEN LOCATION WHEN THE 5-DAY CUMULATIVE PROBABILITY IS AT LEAST 3 PERCENT. PROBABILITIES FOR 34...50...64 KT SHOWN WHEN THE 5-DAY 64-KT CUMULATIVE PROBABILITY IS AT LEAST 1 PERCENT. - - - - WIND SPEED PROBABILITIES FOR SELECTED LOCATIONS - - - - FROM FROM FROM FROM FROM FROM FROM TIME 00Z THU 12Z THU 00Z FRI 12Z FRI 00Z SAT 00Z SUN 00Z MON PERIODS TO TO TO TO TO TO TO 12Z THU 00Z FRI 12Z FRI 00Z SAT 00Z SUN 00Z MON 00Z TUE FORECAST HOUR (12) (24) (36) (48) (72) (96) (120) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - LOCATION KT HIBERNIA OILFD 34 X X( X) X( X) X( X) X( X) X( X) 7( 7) CAPE RACE NFLD 34 X X( X) X( X) X( X) X( X) X( X) 5( 5) BERMUDA 34 X X( X) 1( 1) 8( 9) 14(23) 1(24) X(24) BERMUDA 50 X X( X) X( X) X( X) 4( 4) X( 4) X( 4) $$ FORECASTER BLAKE
Summary for Hurricane Sam (AT3/AL182021)
2021-09-30 04:52:50| National Hurricane Center (Atlantic)
...SAM GAINING STRENGTH AND SIZE OVER THE WESTERN ATLANTIC... As of 11:00 PM AST Wed Sep 29 the center of Sam was located near 20.6, -58.4 with movement NW at 12 mph. The minimum central pressure was 940 mb with maximum sustained winds of about 145 mph.
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